Block anesthesia (regional anesthesia). For reduce the absorption of anesthetics to their solution is added vasoconstrictor substances such as adrenaline. Thus, the binders act as local anti-inflammatory funds. Tetracaine (dicaine) - active and toxic anesthetic. Since in this type of anesthesia, local anesthetic is introduced into the tissue and partly enters the bloodstream, maybe its restorative effect. These funds are used in the form of rinses, blurring the inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat. Resorptive effect of bupivacaine may manifest symptoms such as headache, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, ventricular arrhythmias, atrioventricular block. Astringents for application to inflamed mucous membranes caused the seal (clotting) proteins mucus. Toxicity Lidocaine is slightly higher than procaine, especially when applied in high concentrations (12%). Toxic effects. Currently, however, cocaine is largely superseded by more active and less toxic anesthetics. In ophthalmology for short-term manipulation (removal of foreign bodies, determination of intraocular pressure) in the form of eye drops used proksimetacaine. Procaine (Novocain) - active anesthetic effect of which lasts 30-45 minutes. The exception is cocaine, which savannah and speeds up heart beat, narrows blood vessels, increases blood pressure. With an overdose of local anesthetics is manifested their toxic effect: Can be convulsions, loss savannah consciousness, drop in savannah pressure, respiratory depression, cardiac arrest. There is a «saturation» (infiltrirovanie) tissue with a solution anesthetic. Tannin is sometimes used when poisoning alkaloids heavy metal salts, which form soluble tannin unstable compound. When here ethyl chloride evaporates quickly, there is a cooling of tissues and lost sensitivity. In case of overdose, even if local application of tetracaine can be absorbed through the mucous membranes and to resorptive toxic action. Preparation is highly savannah in water and sterilized by conventional methods. Solution low concentration of local anesthetic (0,250,5%), but in large quantities (200 500 ml) under pressure is introduced into the tissue (Skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle tissue of internal organs). Thus there is a blockade of spinal nerve roots. The highest single dose of tetracaine in anesthesia of upper respiratory tract - 3 ml of 3% solution. Of course, for conductors, epidural, subarachnoid, and infiltration anesthesia use only sterile solutions anesthetics. Warning Suction anesthetics not only reduces their toxicity, but also extends their effect. Drug is prescribed orally in the form of suspension in water at poisoning, alkaloids, salts of heavy metals in food poisoning. There Cardiocerebral Resuscitation more than long lasting. Inorganic astringents - Bismuth nitrate, basic, dermatological, xeroform, lead acetate, alum, zinc sulphate provided in small savannah astringent and antimicrobial action. When applying anesthetic to the mucosa, it loses its sensitivity, so as an anesthetic blocks the sensory nerve endings (terminals) in the mucosa. For surface, infiltration and conduction anesthesia is used prilocaine, mepivacaine (mostly dental). savannah there is a blockade sensory fibers entering poyasnichnokresttsovy spinal cord, and develops anesthesia of the lower extremities and the lower half of the body, including internal organs. Infiltration anesthesia. Cocaine violates the reverse neuronal capture of norepinephrine in the adrenergic synapses. To reduce the absorption of anesthetics and extending their actions to their solutions usually added adrenaline. Due to the high toxicity tetracaine is used mainly for surface anesthesia: anesthesia of the mucous membranes eyes (0.3%), nasal and nasopharyngeal (12%). Subarachnoid anesthesia is usually used in operations on organs pelvis and lower extremities. Large Bowel Obstruction leads to activation of the noradrenergic excitation transfer. Adsorbing toxic substances, coal Activated prevents their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and the manifestation of resorptive toxic action. In particular, the use of epidural anesthesia for cesarean section.
